Nghiên cứu "Cuộc khủng hoảng Phật giáo" ở VN năm 1963

1963年南越的“佛教徒危机”研究

The Study of Buddhist Crisis in South Vietnam 1963

• Tác giả: 李琼 Lý Quỳnh
• Hướng dẫn: 范丽萍 Phạm Lệ Bình
• Trường: 广西师范大学 Đại học sư phạm Quảng Tây
• Khoa: 世界史 Lịch sử thế giới
• Năm: 2012
• Trình độ: 硕士 Thạc sĩ
• File size: 7.14MB
• Format: PDF
• Nguồn: 中国知网

【Abstract】 Buddhist crisis was a political crisis caused by domestic religion in South Vietnam in1963. This crisis caused serious political crisis in South Vietnam backed by America, and also worsened the nervous relationship between America and Vietnam. During this Buddhist crisis, the drawbacks of the Diems’policies were showed clearly. The request to carry out reform politics in South Vietnam from America became more urgent. This crisis showed the contradiction between religion and politics and dilemma that using religion in Cold war.The deep-seated historical reason of Buddhist crisis that the rulers supported and attach importance to Catholic after its introduction to Vietnam. This made Catholic became interest group fast in Vietnamese society. Meanwhile, the government promulgated a series of policies to restrict the development of other religions. This made other religion especially Buddhism which was the largest religion in Vietnam live under the great threat, thus leaded Buddhists’unsatisfied on Ngo Dinh Diem regime’s Buddhism policy.Ngo Dinh Diem regime was overthrown by South Vietnamese army surreptitiously supported by the U.S, then Buddhist crisis ended. This crisis not only caused the contradictions between South Vietnamese government and the Buddhist, and also challenged the fragile alliance between South Vietnamese government and the U.S, and the internal contradictions in South Vietnamese government hidden before are exposed.Family dictatorship of Ngo Dinh Diem government was reflected in the handling of the Buddhist crisis. Ngo Dinh Diem government was not able to resolve this crisis properly, this caused the dissatisfied among the people of the majority of South Vietnamese Buddhists led by Buddhists, and the protests escalate. The South Vietnamese government therefore got the international criticism for its crackdown on the Buddhist. In order to maintain the country’s image of religious freedom and achieve the target of counterattack communism with religion in Southeastern Asia, the United States urged the South Vietnamese and Buddhist reconciliation and political reforms. The South Vietnamese government and the Buddhist began to seek ways of reconciliation under pressure from America. However, nonconfidence between South Vietnamese government and the Buddhist made reconciliation failed, Buddhist crisis intensified.Buddhist crisis ended after Ngo Dinh Diem regime was overthrown. The failure of strategic hamlet program planted a hidden danger of the generation of Buddhist crisis; this crisis weakened the strength of South Vietnam, and also reflected a dilemma faced by the U.S. in Cold War policy implementation. Buddhist crisis is a case of the Cold War involved religion. Religion has long been ignored during the study of Cold War. The Cold War involved the ideological struggle, the Cold War propaganda organizations were often influenced by their religious beliefs. Religion was just a tool that used resist communism. It not only reflected the fact that Ngo Dinh Diem regime failed to use religion to resist communism, and also highlighted the important role of religion in Cold War strategy.